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Savoyard crusade
The Savoyard crusade (1366–67) was born out of the same planning that led to the Alexandrian Crusade. It was the brainchild of Pope Urban V and was led by Amadeus VI, Count of Savoy, against the Ottoman Empire in eastern Europe. Although originally intended as a collaboration with the Kingdom of Hungary and the Byzantine Empire, the crusade was diverted to attack the Second Bulgarian Empire, where it made small gains that it handed over to the Byzantines. It made small gains against the Ottomans in the vicinity of Constantinople and on Gallipoli.
Noting the greater attention paid to Bulgaria than to the Turks, historian Nicolae Iorga argued "it was not the same thing as a crusade, this expedition that better resembled an escapade."〔Iorga, ''Philippe de Mézières et la croisade au XIVe siècle'' (Paris, 1896), 336–37: “Ce n'était pas même une croisade ... cette expédition, qui ressembla beaucoup à une équipée”, quoted in Setton, 300.〕 Yet the taking of Gallipoli, according to Oskar Halecki, was "the first success achieved by the Christians in their struggle for the defense of Europe, and at the same time the last great Christian victory (the Turks ) during all the fourteenth century."〔Halecki, ''Un Empereur de Byzance à Rome'' (Warsaw, 1930), quoted in Setton, 300.〕
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